Because the president of the U.S. is Commander in Chief of the military, this quote is an example of Pres. Carter’s constitutional power. President Carter orderded the U.S. Air Force to transport Moroccan soldiers inside Zaire, to fight off the Katangan rebels. It was successful (1978).
Carter also ordered a mission known as Operation Eagle Claw. The rescue mission, covered by an elite unit known as the Delta Force, was aborted and failed while in progress. Both of these missions were solely presidential actions, and the hostage rescue mission was a tightly held secret until it was aborted.
Quote:
“We superpowers also have the responsibility to exercise restraint in the use of our great military force. The integrity and the independence of weaker nations must not be threatened. They must know that in our presence they are secure.” (The White House)
Shared:
President Carter helped a 1979 agreement between U.S. and Australia related to the use of nuclear energy, called The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. This was one of the first nuclear agreements of Carter’s admin before the rest.
Salt II Nuclear limitation treaty with Soviet Union (1978).
President also helped Egypt Camp David Peace Accords between Israel and Egypt (1978).
Quote:
President Carter worked treaties with Congress and legislation in these examples as to better foreign relations.
Dependent:
During his presidential term, Carter appointed an economist to be head of the federal Reserve Board (ABC-CLIO). He needed Paul Volcker to help him and he had to depend on him to do it without the president having to help. Paul Volcker had to do whatever Carter hired him for all on his own.
Quote: “We will be ever vigilant and never vulnerable, and we will fight our wars against poverty, ignorance, and injustice” (ABC-CLIO).
Looney:
During his election time Carter promised to never "tell a lie" and that he would return the government back to "the decency its citizens had every right to expect". Obviously promising to never tell a lie is loony because that would be impossible.
Quote: “–that we had torn down the barriers that separated those of different race and region and religion, and where there had been mistrust, built unity, with a respect for diversity” (ABC-CLIO).
Executive Privilege:
Jimmy Carter desired an “open” government as to get away from the Nixon/Watergate scandal era. Because of this, he did not formally use executive privilege formally. He never actually invoked the term, but he did use examples of the privilege twice by sneaking around it:
Witholding documents of foreign investments from House Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources. The White House refused to give the documents, but decided that they needed to first completely review the documents and then come to the decision if they should not invoke executive privilege (April 1980).
Witholding papers regarding the decision of not supporting federal funding of water projects. Audubon Society was going to sue, but everything was worked outside of court between the Department of Interior and Audobon Society(April 1977). This issue was solved at a smaller situation so that the Carter administration could get around actually invoking executive privilege.
Quote:
"to strip away the secrecy of government in every possible way we can, to open up deliberations of the executive and legislative branches” -President Jimmy Carter (Barilleaux 45)
Executive Order:
Executive Order 11968- Withholding of Income or Employment Taxes by Federal Agencies
President Jimmy Carter's Cabinet:
President Jimmy Carter's Cabinet in his first term.
Cabinet Positions:
1. Secretary of StateCyrus R. Vance, 1977, replaced by Edmund S. Muskie 1980
Cyrus R. Vance resigned his post because he disagreed with a military plan to rescue U.S. citizens being held hostage in Tehran, Iran (the failed mission mentioned earlier in this wiki). As a lawyer, Vance had also been a involved in the Department of Defense and the Kennedy and Johnson administrations (1960-68).
Edmund Muskie was pretty popular during this time and was even 7 points more popular than Carter during Reagan's polls. Muskie attempted diplomacy during the Iranian hostage crisis, appealing to the United Nations and Iran. He left public office when Carter lost to Ronald Reagan in the presidential election, and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Carter on January 16, 1981
2. Secretary of the Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal, 1977, replaced by G. William Miller, 1979
W. Michael Blumenthal first served President John F. Kennedy as deputy assistant secretary of state for economic affairs, then he became deputy special representative for trade negotiations, went to work for Bendix, became it president of it, chairman, and chief executive officer. With all this experience, he became secretary of the treasury under President Jimmy Carter. He was replaced because of a major cabinet shuffle in August 4, 1979. He had kind of clashed with the admin.
G. William Miller was Fed chairman for just over a year when Carter appointed him Secretary of the Treasury in August 1979, replacing Blumenthal. He is known for the $1.5 million bailout of Chrysler Loan Guarantee Board and freezing $12 billion of Iraniun funds held in the U.S. during the hostage crisis. Miller's economic policies did not successfully prevent inflation and had did not raise unemployment rates. The economy was a major factor in Carter's 1980 defeat by Ronald Reagan.
3. Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, 1977
Harold Brown first served in the Lyndon Johnson admin as Director of Defense Research and Engineering and Secretary of the Air Force. While Secretary of Defense, helped Carter by laying the foundation of David Peace accords. He also took part in the strategic arms negotiations with the Soviet Union and supported the SALT II treaty.
4. Attorney General Griffin B. Bell, 1977, replaced by Benjamin R. Civilette, 1979
Griffin B. Bell was nominated as United States Attorney General. Despite his election as into the Water-gate era, he was credited with bringing independence and professionalism to the Department of Justice. He also greatly increased minority service in the federal branch.
5. Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus, 1977
Andrus was responsible for 1980 Alaska Lands Act gave way to national parks and wildlife refuges. In 1979, Carter demanded the resignations of his entire cabinet; the resignation of Andrus was not accepted. Andrus stayed on as Secretary of the Interior and returned to Idaho when Carter's presidency ended in 1981.
6. Secretary of Agriculture Bob S. Bergland, 1977
Bergland was appointed by Jimmy Carter. A small struggle happened between USDA and the GSA, which resulted in the USDA executive cafeteria in honor of Alfred Packer. It was made to shame GSA into removing a Nixon-era cafeteria services contract.
7. Secretary of Commerce Juanita Morris Kreps, 1977, replaced by Philip M. Klutznick 1980
Juanita Morris Kreps was the first woman to hold this cabinet position, and the fourth woman in a cabinet position. Philip M. Klutznick succeeded her in 1980.
8. Secretary of Energy James R. Schlesinger (1977-1979), replaced by Charles Duncan, Jr. (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
9. Secretary of Transportation Brock Adams (1977-1979), replaced by Neil E. goldschmidt (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
10. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Patricia Roberts Harris (1977-1979), replaced by Maurice "Moon" Landrieu (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
11. Secretary of Education Shirley M. Hifstdler (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
12. Secretary of Health and Human Services Patricia Roberts Harris (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
13. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano, Jr. (1977-1979), replaced by Patricia Roberts Harris (1979-1979)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
14. Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall (1977-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
MLA Citations:
Barilleaux, Ryan J. The Unitary Executive and the Modern Presidency. Texas A&M University Press: 2010. Print. 27 Nov 2010.
"Jimmy Carter." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 20 Nov. 2010.
Jimmy Carter
Accomplishments and Challenges:
Constitutional:Quote:
“We superpowers also have the responsibility to exercise restraint in the use of our great military force. The integrity and the independence of weaker nations must not be threatened. They must know that in our presence they are secure.” (The White House)
Shared:
Quote:
President Carter worked treaties with Congress and legislation in these examples as to better foreign relations.
Dependent:
Quote: “We will be ever vigilant and never vulnerable, and we will fight our wars against poverty, ignorance, and injustice” (ABC-CLIO).
Looney:
Quote: “–that we had torn down the barriers that separated those of different race and region and religion, and where there had been mistrust, built unity, with a respect for diversity” (ABC-CLIO).
Executive Privilege:
Jimmy Carter desired an “open” government as to get away from the Nixon/Watergate scandal era. Because of this, he did not formally use executive privilege formally. He never actually invoked the term, but he did use examples of the privilege twice by sneaking around it:Quote:
"to strip away the secrecy of government in every possible way we can, to open up deliberations of the executive and legislative branches” -President Jimmy Carter (Barilleaux 45)
Executive Order:
Executive Order 11968- Withholding of Income or Employment Taxes by Federal AgenciesPresident Jimmy Carter's Cabinet:
Cabinet Positions:
1. Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, 1977, replaced by Edmund S. Muskie 1980
Cyrus R. Vance resigned his post because he disagreed with a military plan to rescue U.S. citizens being held hostage in Tehran, Iran (the failed mission mentioned earlier in this wiki). As a lawyer, Vance had also been a involved in the Department of Defense and the Kennedy and Johnson administrations (1960-68).
Edmund Muskie was pretty popular during this time and was even 7 points more popular than Carter during Reagan's polls. Muskie attempted diplomacy during the Iranian hostage crisis, appealing to the United Nations and Iran. He left public office when Carter lost to Ronald Reagan in the presidential election, and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Carter on January 16, 1981
2. Secretary of the Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal, 1977, replaced by G. William Miller, 1979
W. Michael Blumenthal first served President John F. Kennedy as deputy assistant secretary of state for economic affairs, then he became deputy special representative for trade negotiations, went to work for Bendix, became it president of it, chairman, and chief executive officer. With all this experience, he became secretary of the treasury under President Jimmy Carter. He was replaced because of a major cabinet shuffle in August 4, 1979. He had kind of clashed with the admin.
G. William Miller was Fed chairman for just over a year when Carter appointed him Secretary of the Treasury in August 1979, replacing Blumenthal. He is known for the $1.5 million bailout of Chrysler Loan Guarantee Board and freezing $12 billion of Iraniun funds held in the U.S. during the hostage crisis. Miller's economic policies did not successfully prevent inflation and had did not raise unemployment rates. The economy was a major factor in Carter's 1980 defeat by Ronald Reagan.
3. Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, 1977
Harold Brown first served in the Lyndon Johnson admin as Director of Defense Research and Engineering and Secretary of the Air Force. While Secretary of Defense, helped Carter by laying the foundation of David Peace accords. He also took part in the strategic arms negotiations with the Soviet Union and supported the SALT II treaty.
4. Attorney General Griffin B. Bell, 1977, replaced by Benjamin R. Civilette, 1979
Griffin B. Bell was nominated as United States Attorney General. Despite his election as into the Water-gate era, he was credited with bringing independence and professionalism to the Department of Justice. He also greatly increased minority service in the federal branch.
5. Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus, 1977
Andrus was responsible for 1980 Alaska Lands Act gave way to national parks and wildlife refuges. In 1979, Carter demanded the resignations of his entire cabinet; the resignation of Andrus was not accepted. Andrus stayed on as Secretary of the Interior and returned to Idaho when Carter's presidency ended in 1981.
6. Secretary of Agriculture Bob S. Bergland, 1977
Bergland was appointed by Jimmy Carter. A small struggle happened between USDA and the GSA, which resulted in the USDA executive cafeteria in honor of Alfred Packer. It was made to shame GSA into removing a Nixon-era cafeteria services contract.
7. Secretary of Commerce Juanita Morris Kreps, 1977, replaced by Philip M. Klutznick 1980
Juanita Morris Kreps was the first woman to hold this cabinet position, and the fourth woman in a cabinet position. Philip M. Klutznick succeeded her in 1980.
8. Secretary of Energy James R. Schlesinger (1977-1979), replaced by Charles Duncan, Jr. (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
9. Secretary of Transportation Brock Adams (1977-1979), replaced by Neil E. goldschmidt (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
10. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Patricia Roberts Harris (1977-1979), replaced by Maurice "Moon" Landrieu (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
11. Secretary of Education Shirley M. Hifstdler (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
12. Secretary of Health and Human Services Patricia Roberts Harris (1979-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
13. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano, Jr. (1977-1979), replaced by Patricia Roberts Harris (1979-1979)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
14. Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall (1977-1981)
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
Brief description answering the following questions: Did they help or hinder the Presidents term in office (did they help achieve the Presidents goals or did they make life harder?) Paragraph format, however long it takes to completely answer the questions. Restate Question in paragraph instead of copying it.
MLA Citations:
Barilleaux, Ryan J. The Unitary Executive and the Modern Presidency. Texas A&M University Press: 2010. Print. 27
Nov 2010.
"Jimmy Carter." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 20 Nov. 2010.
"Jimmy Carter: Inaugural Address (1977)." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010
John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peteres, the American Presidency Project [online]. Santa Barbara, CA. Web. 20 nov. 2010
The White House. “Jimmy Carter.” Web. 27 Nov 2010. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jimmycarter>